The sequential, overlapping biological process by which the body repairs damaged tissue. It proceeds through four phases: hemostasis (blood clotting, seconds to hours), inflammation (immune cell recruitment and debris clearance, hours to days), proliferation (new tissue formation including granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and re-epithelialization, days to weeks), and remodeling (collagen reorganization and scar maturation, weeks to months or years).

BPC-157 and TB-500 are the most studied peptides in wound healing contexts. BPC-157’s preclinical data shows acceleration across multiple healing phases in rodent models; TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) promotes cell migration and angiogenesis. Understanding which phase a compound affects helps evaluate whether preclinical results are likely to translate—a peptide that accelerates proliferation might help clean surgical wounds but be irrelevant to chronic non-healing ulcers stuck in the inflammatory phase.