Glossary Terms

The phenomenon where a patient experiences adverse effects from an inert treatment (or attributes unrelated symptoms to a treatment) because […]

A preliminary phase at the beginning of a clinical trial, before randomization, during which all participants receive either placebo or

The systematic process of incrementally increasing drug doses during a clinical trial, starting from a low initial dose and advancing

A clinical measure (abbreviated NNT) expressing how many patients must receive a treatment for one additional patient to experience the

A statistical approach that includes only participants who completed a clinical trial according to the study protocol—received all planned doses,

A statistical approach that includes every participant in the analysis according to their originally assigned treatment group, regardless of whether

The two regulatory categories for compounding pharmacies in the United States, established by the Drug Quality and Security Act (DQSA)

A pharmacy that prepares customized medications tailored to individual patient needs, as opposed to dispensing mass-manufactured drugs. Compounding pharmacies operate

A compound manufactured and sold explicitly for in vitro research, laboratory testing, or scientific investigation—not for human consumption or therapeutic

A document issued by an analytical laboratory verifying a peptide product’s identity, purity, molecular weight, and other quality parameters. A