Protecting nerve cells from damage or death—a therapeutic goal in conditions from stroke to Alzheimer’s to traumatic brain injury.Neuroprotection encompasses mechanisms that preserve neuronal structure and function against injury, degeneration, or toxic insult. Neuroprotective strategies target excitotoxicity (glutamate), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic cascades. Several peptides on Peptidings demonstrate neuroprotective properties in preclinical models: PACAP (anti-apoptotic via PAC1/VPAC), NAD+ precursors, cortistatin (anti-neuroinflammatory), and orexin (neuronal survival signaling). Translation from preclinical neuroprotection to clinical benefit has historically been challenging.