When bacteria evolve to survive antibiotics that used to kill them—one of the most urgent threats in medicine today.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms develop mechanisms to survive antimicrobial agents: enzymatic inactivation (beta-lactamases), target modification (ribosomal methylation), efflux pumps, and permeability changes. The WHO identifies AMR as a critical global health threat. Antimicrobial peptides represent a promising counter-strategy because their membrane-disrupting mechanism targets fundamental bacterial membrane composition, making resistance development difficult. However, resistance to AMPs can emerge through membrane charge modification, protease production, and efflux mechanisms.